http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends TurfGrass Trends is a monthly journal of practical research on technical turfgrass management topics, including golfcourse design and maintenance, turfgrass cultivars, turfgrass diseases and turfgrass pests, as well as best-management practices for professional turfgrass managers. Authors include top university researchers in the science of turfgrass management. 2008-05-09T14:51:16Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Annual+Bluegrass/Controlling-Your-Poa/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/508963?ref=25 The presence of perennial Poa biotypes can lead to erratic control and require a program that spans several years. 2008-03-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/152008/508963null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Weed+Control/Bermuda-Control-Advances/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/508965?ref=25 Some love it, others hate it. Common bermudagrass is an aggressive warm-season grass that is well-adapted in areas where cool-season turf species are desirable. It spreads and reproduces by seed production, stolons and rhizomes. Once bermudagrass invades cool-season turf, it is persistent and very difficult to control. Bermudagrass negatively impacts aesthetics of a cool-season rough or fairway by disrupting uniformity due to its course texture and its dormant tan to brown color after frosts. 2008-03-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/152008/508965null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/integrated+pest+management/Do-Modern-Insecticides-Defeat-IPM-Concepts/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/508964?ref=25 Many of the older organophosphates offered flexibility, but various human health, regulatory, environmental and business issues began to take their toll in the 1990s. 2008-03-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/152008/508964null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Alternative+Turfgrass+Cultivars/Buffalograss-Moves-From-Rough-Grass-to-Fairway-Pot/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/508378?ref=25 I am often asked, "Does buffalograss have a role as a golf course turf?" My response, of course, is, "Yes!" It is an excellent selection for roughs and a recent release, Prestige (Photo 1), has strong potential for use as a fairway turf. 2008-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/152008/508378null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Annual+Bluegrass/Poa-Annua-Suppression-With-Velocity-Plus-PGRs-Requ/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/508377?ref=25 Superintendents use a variety of chemicals to maintain fairways at the desired quality level. Some of these chemicals include plant growth regulators (PGRs) and herbicides (pre-emergent and postemergent). Two separate field trials were conducted during a two-year period to evaluate the impact of bispyribac-sodium (Velocity) herbicide treatments as impacted by pre-emergent herbicide and commonly used PGRs. 2008-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/152008/508377null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Environment/Preserving-Stream-Corridors-Mitigates-Erosion-Poll/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/485067?ref=25 Golf courses, like most outdoor recreation facilities, can be highly compatible with restoring and maintaining natural stream corridors. Riparian corridors, normally including most of the floodplain, are complex ecosystems that require a balance among several factors: hydrology, geomorphology and biology. In layman's terms, that's water, ground and plant and animal life. 2008-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032008/485067null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Industry+Issues/High-Tech-Tools-Mow-Down-Test-Turfgrass-in-Greenho/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/485066?ref=25 Imagine mowing your rough with scissors. That was threatening to be the situation for students at Virginia Tech as we continued to add greenhouse research trials to the project's docket. 2008-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032008/485066null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Insecticide/Coping-with-Nematodes-Sans-Fenamiphos/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/480012?ref=25 Across the northeastern United States, superintendents continue to deal with damaging levels of plant-parasitic nematodes. Although every golf course has some level of plant-parasitic nematodes, not every course experiences extremely high populations or observes nematode-related damage. Those courses most at risk for nematode damage are built on silty native soils where Poa annua is the dominant turf species. 2007-12-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/512007/480012null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Look-Up-in-the-Sky-/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/480942?ref=25 While there are trees on the sides of the corridors, the corridors are wide enough to allow ample sunlight to reach the turf. 2007-12-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/522007/480942null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Industry+Issues/Dark-Green-Varieties-Continue-to-Dominate-Turfgras/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/472422?ref=25 Lower-input turfgrasses are getting more emphasis today, but traits that make turf tolerant to heat, drought, herbicides and disease are controlled by multiple traits. 2007-11-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/462007/472422null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Industry+Issues/Bentgrass-Cultivars-Outgrow-Some-Pests/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/472421?ref=25 In the early days of golf course construction in the United States, putting greens were originally planted as a species mixture that contained a combination of creeping, colonial and velvet bentgrass referred to as South German bentgrass. This mixture was suitable for putting greens because it tolerated the mowing heights of the time and most importantly was widely available. 2007-11-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/462007/472421null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Industry+Issues/Curative-Programs-for-Bluegrass-Weevil-Larvae-Requ/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/464883?ref=25 The Annual Bluegrass Weevil (ABW) is a pest of highly maintained, short-cut turfgrasses. Historically, this beetle in the weevil family has been a problem in the northeastern United States. However, during the past few years, the ABW has become a serious pest throughout the entire Mid-Atlantic region. 2007-10-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/412007/464883null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Industry+Issues/Sprayable-Sex-Pheromones-Disrupt-Oriental-Beetle-M/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/464884?ref=25 The oriental beetle (OB), Anomala orientalis, has become the most important white grub species in turfgrass in New Jersey, southeastern New York, Connecticut and Rhode Island. It is also the major white grub species in ornamental nurseries and blueberries, and it causes losses in other crops. An increase in OB significance may occur in other areas where it is already established, such as all of coastal New England and Middle Atlantic states as well as Ohio, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia and Tennessee. 2007-10-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/412007/464884null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Fertilizer/Kelp-Helps-Root-Mass-in-Turf/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/458034?ref=25 Kelp, better known as seaweed, has been used as a fertilizer on turf for many years. It is also the most universally recognized natural biostimulant and is the most widely used biostimulant in both agriculture and turfgrass management (Hattori, 1999). It contains many important plant growth regulators, such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins. It also contains micronutrients to enhance a plant's ability to resist pest and disease attack (Hattori, 1999). 2007-09-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/382007/458034null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Bermudagrass/Removal-of-Overseeded-Ryegrass-Best-in-Heat-of-Sum/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/458033?ref=25 On golf courses, overseeding of bermudagrass fairways, tees and approaches continues to be common practice because it allows for an actively growing and aesthetically pleasing turf all year long. This is of particular importance at golf clubs that rely on resort play. Although overseeding is aesthetically pleasing and provides an actively growing playing surface when bermudagrass is otherwise dormant, overseeding can be a maintenance and agronomic nightmare. Overseeding bermudagrass increases maintenance costs and poses agronomic issues that can threaten the health of the underlying bermudagrass. 2007-09-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/382007/458033null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Fertilizer/Turfgrass-Root-Growth-Increasing-Nitrate-Metabolis/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/450142?ref=25 Recent evidence might cast the nitrate problem in a somewhat different light and can offer a few solutions. 2007-08-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/332007/450142null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Insecticide/Timing-Crucial-With-Neonicotinoids/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/450141?ref=25 When using the insecticides in the neonicotinoid family, a key to success is timing the application of materials correctly. 2007-08-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/332007/450141null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Bentgrass/How-Do-The-New-Bentgrasses-Stack-Up/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/442840?ref=25 Several studies throughout the United States document the performance of the most recent generation of bentgrass that arrived on the scene in the 1990s. One study in central North Carolina evaluated 20 cultivars at two locations (Durham and Pinehurst) and reported that all cultivars tested provided appearance or quality equal or better than Penncross (Bruneau et al., 2001). 2007-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/292007/442840null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Recognizing-the-Nitrate-Effect-on-Root-Growth-and-/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/445594?ref=25 Recent evidence might cast the nitrate problem in a somewhat different light and may offer a few solutions. 2007-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/312007/445594null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Insecticide/Neonicotinoids-Show-Good-Control-With-Sucking-Inse/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/442839?ref=25 Over the last decade, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been undergoing the process of reviewing previously registered pesticides under the dictates of the Food Quality Protection Act. This process uses higher standards for pesticide residues, potential exposure to "higher risk" groups such as children and pregnant women, total lifetime exposures and other factors. 2007-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/292007/442839null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Bermudagrass/Bermudagrasses-Show-Diverse-Responses-to-Shade/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/433339?ref=25 Enhance turf performance in shade by raising mowing heights, applying growth regulators and reducing nitrogen rates. 2007-06-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/242007/433339null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/Establishing-Bentgrass-Can-Be-Difficult-With-Subsu/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/433338?ref=25 Water limitations all across the Southwest have placed increased demands for water conservation on golf courses and other recreational fields. Most superintendents irrigate courses using over-the-top sprinklers. An alternate method to the over-the-top sprinkler irrigation could be using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). 2007-06-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/242007/433338null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/Soil-Profile-Dictates-Topdressing-Programs/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/433340?ref=25 Topdressing, or the regular application of thin layers of sand to golf course putting greens, has been used as an important cultural practice since the early days of Old Tom Morris at St. Andrews Golf Links (Labbance and Witteveen, 2002). The benefits of sand topdressing for thatch management and surface firmness, smoothness and grain control are well recognized. 2007-06-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/242007/433340null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/Calcium-Nitrate-Promotes-Best-Perennial-Ryegrass-S/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/429937?ref=25 Many different sources of N (nitrogen) are used in the turfgrass industry. They are generally classified as quick-release and slow-release sources. Quick release N sources are water soluble and contain N in the NO 2007-05-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/222007/429937null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Soil/Soil-Compaction-Prolongs-Establishment/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/426577?ref=25 Wear and soil compaction are the major cause for turfgrass stress under intense traffic typical of golf courses and athletic field turf. That traffic can be broken down into two separate stresses, wear and soil compaction (Carrow and Petrovic, 1992). 2007-05-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/202007/426577/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/202007/426577null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Soil/Do-Humic-Substances-Bolster-Water-and-Nutrient-Ava/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/420498?ref=25 Increasingly, products containing humic substances are appearing in the turf industry market claiming to reduce water and fertilizer use by increasing soil moisture and nutrient availability. Humic acid is the most common humic substance that has been studied, but results have been highly variable (Cooper et al., 1998). The response of humic acid is difficult to interpret due to confounding effects of nutrients and other ingredients often included in humic substance products (Karnok, 2000). 2007-04-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/162007/420498null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/Velvet-Offers-A-Low-Input-Option-to-Creeping-Bent/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/420500?ref=25 Golf course putting greens are commonly seeded with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera, L.) primarily due to its history as a high-performance turfgrass that can withstand low cutting heights. Establishment practices are well-documented for creeping bentgrass (CBG), as are management practices such as cultivation and fertility level (Beard, 1973). 2007-04-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/162007/420500null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Industry+Issues/Whats-the-Future-of-Perfect-Turf/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/413179?ref=25 Even Augusta National Golf Club looked shaggy and unkempt as late as 1948. 2007-03-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/122007/413179/tgt03_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/122007/413179null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Drainage/Bolster-Turfs-Ability-to-Use-Natural-Defense-Again/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/413180?ref=25 Several years of research at Virginia Tech indicate that improving certain rootzone environment conditions, particularly overcoming water repellency and providing consistent water availability, enhanced turf ability to avoid drought stress resulting in more efficient photosynthesis and greater up-regulation of defenses for tolerating stress. 2007-03-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/122007/413180null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Disease+Control/Cultural-Practices-as-Important-as-Chemicals-for-B/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/405840?ref=25 Without competition from the bentgrass stand, blue-green algae growth can expand over the entire golf green. 2007-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/082007/405840null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Weed+Control/Glysophate-Resistance-Prompts-Integrated-Managemen/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/405841?ref=25 Repeated use of the same herbicide is the main reason for weed resistance to herbicides worldwide. The widespread use of glyphosate-tolerant crops and repeated use of glyphosate herbicide is slowly resulting in glyphosate resistance and shifts in weed species. 2007-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/082007/405841null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Computer-Simulation-Tracks-Water-Flow-in-Greens-Pa/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/398755?ref=25 In the December issue, we reviewed the need for a more accurate method for evaluating water flow in the three common types of greens: USGA (United States Golf Association), California and push-up. This month, we look at the results from the simulations. 2007-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032007/398755null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Herbicide/Season-Zone-Dictate-Weed-Control-in-Seeded-Tall-Fe/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/398754?ref=25 Weed control during establishment of tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass from seed is difficult for many reasons. First, many herbicides normally considered safe on fully established stands of both grasses can be detrimental to newly developing seedlings. Herbicides containing broadleaf herbicides, such as 2,4-D and dicamba, can injure developing seedlings so severely that if applied to seedlings under the wrong conditions, a delayed turfgrass development can occur. 2007-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032007/398754null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Additional-Charts/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/399183?ref=25 Additional Charts - January Featured Research 2007-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032007/399183null PDF http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Drainage/Computer-Simulation-Tracks-Water-Flow-in-Greens/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/390147?ref=25 Putting green soil profiles are frequently classified into three general categories: USGA (United States Golf Association), California and push-up greens. The USGA and California profiles are purposely constructed with each documented by written guidelines (USGA Green Section Staff, 1993; Davis et al., 1990). Push-up green soil profiles, on the other hand, have evolved from decades of sand topdressing applied to native soil. Whereas each has a sandy surface layer, or root zone, the thickness of this layer and the type of material underlying the sandy root zone varies for each particular category. 2006-12-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/492006/390147null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Disease+Control/Predicting-Nematode-Populations-Can-Pre-empt-Disea/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/390146?ref=25 Nematodes are one of the few turf pathogens that can be managed using an integrated pest management strategy. Because plant-parasitic nematodes are ubiquitous in turfgrass soils, it would be impractical and impossible to eliminate them. Thus, turf managers in the Northeast must live with a certain number of plant-parasitic nematodes in any turfgrass stand. When the population of nematodes reaches a high level, it may cross a disease threshold, and symptoms might be observed. When this occurs, treatment is warranted to knock the nematode numbers below the disease threshold. 2006-12-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/492006/390146null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Herbicides/Herbicide-Trials-Show-Mostly-Short-term-Injury-to-/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/383552?ref=25 Until recently, seeded bermudagrass (Cynodon spp. L.) cultivars were considered of low quality and did not perform as well as vegetative hybrids such as Tifway or Midlawn. Although lower-quality, seeded cultivars provided an adequate turf for home lawns and utility areas, they did not produce an acceptable turf for golf course, sports field or other high-maintenance applications. 2006-11-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/442006/383552null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Poa+annua/Four-Tips-to-Interseed-Bentgrass-into-Poa-annua/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/383551?ref=25 Establishing creeping bentgrass into an existing stand of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) while the turf is in play has been an elusive goal of many golf course superintendents. Years ago I learned the hard way just how challenging it can be. 2006-11-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/442006/383551null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Scientists-Unveil-Bermudagrass-Genetic-Map/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/378756?ref=25 Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is a resilient perennial grass popular in the golf and turfgrass industries, owing to its ability to generate a variety of textures, its rapid recovery, and its low-growing nature that allows it to tolerate very close mowing. It is widely used in landscaping because of its ability to grow well in a wide range of soil conditions, as well as its fast growth rate. Seeded bermudagrass can spread to provide full coverage of 1,000 square feet within four to six weeks after planting, and it maintains active growth through the warm summer when many other grasses temporarily decline. 2006-10-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/412006/378756null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/October-2006-Additional-Charts/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/379631?ref=25 October 2006: Additional Charts 2006-10-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/422006/379631null HTML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Roundup-Ready-Creeping-Bent-has-Application-Trial/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/378755?ref=25 Roundup Ready creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) (RRCB) is a product of The Scotts Co. and Monsanto that is similar to Roundup Ready agricultural crops that have been commercially available for several years. However, if Roundup Ready creeping bentgrass is approved and receives federal registration, it will be the first genetically modified turfgrass. Recently, much research has been initiated to investigate various applications as well as potential areas of concern associated with RRCB. 2006-10-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/412006/378755/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/412006/378755null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/White-Grubs-Still-Pose-Challenge-to-Turfgrass-Rese/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/374810?ref=25 White grubs have been one of the key insect pests of turfgrass throughout the world and in particular in the United States. Very few locations that can grow quality turf are immune to potential damage from the larv? of a number of beetles. The feeding of the grubs damages turfgrass by destroying the integrity of the root system, loosening the soil and often attracting various predators that destroy the turf to gain access to the grubs as food. 2006-09-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/392006/374810null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Salt-Tolerance-in-Seashore-Paspalum/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/374811?ref=25 Salinity problems have become increasingly more prevalent in managed turfgrass over the last 10 years. Emphasis on water conversation strategies that use non-potable, alternative irrigation sources has been a primary contributor (Marcum, 2004). 2006-09-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/392006/374811null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Need+to+Know/System-Pinpoints-Stressed-Turfgrass/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/362619?ref=25 Turfgrass managers spend a significant amount of time monitoring their turfgrass fertility and irrigation programs to ensure the most efficient use of their resources while minimizing potential environmental impacts. 2006-08-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/312006/362619/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/312006/362619null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/PGRs-Effect-on-Root-Growth/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/362620?ref=25 Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are often applied to highly managed, cool-season turfgrasses every few weeks throughout the growing season to reduce clipping production, increase sward density, reduce seedhead formation and enhance sward color (Lickfeldt et al., 2001). Because PGRs reduce vertical shoot growth, some investigators have theorized that root growth may be enhanced through basal photoassimilate transport (Kaufmann et al., 1983). 2006-08-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/312006/362620/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/312006/362620null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/What-Makes-Kentucky-Bluegrass-Wear-Tolerant/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/356318?ref=25 Wear tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass increased as leaf angle from horizontal increased and as shoot moisture content decreased. 2006-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/282006/356318/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/282006/356318null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Try-These-Tips-on-Pesticide-Efficacy-Formulations-/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/356319?ref=25 Granulars may be more useful if posttreatment irrigation must be delayed and may be safer to handle than sprayable formulations. 2006-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/282006/356319/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/282006/356319null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Cultivars-Cutting-Heights-Affect-Black-Cutworm-Fee/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/337613?ref=25 Throughout much of the cool-humid region and upper-transition zone of the United States, the most widely planted species for golf course roughs and lawns has been Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). This is due to its pleasing dark-green color, wear tolerance and recuperative capacity. 2006-06-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/252006/337613/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/252006/337613null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Mowing-Practices-Reduce-Runoff-From-Turf/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/337612?ref=25 We have known for some time that grasses forming a contiguous ground cover are very effective for reducing runoff and sediment losses from agricultural areas. Managed turfgrasses tend to prevent runoff extremely well because they form a dense cover near ground level due to regular mowing. In fact, researchers at the University of Maryland found that tall fescue sod was more effective for reducing runoff than manmade materials designed specifically for that purpose (Krenitsky et al, 1998). 2006-06-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/252006/337612/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/252006/337612null XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Remote-Sensing-Technology-Detects-Turfgrass-Stress/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/325486?ref=25 Maintaining high-quality turf can be time consuming and requires costly equipment. Despite the progress made in the development of time-saving maintenance machines and other supporting technical equipment, a considerable amount of hand labor is still required to adequately maintain golf courses and high-end athletic fields. 2006-05-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/192006/325486/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/How-to-Grow-Turf-in-Shade/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/325487?ref=25 There are few conditions more detrimental to turfgrass growth than shade. Low light levels result in poor photosynthesis, low energy levels and general turfgrass decline. Changes in light quality encourage rapid vertical shoot growth, resulting in less energy for root growth (Bell et al., 2000). In most cases, tree roots compete with shaded turf for water and nutrients and surrounding vegetation or structures restrict airflow. 2006-05-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/192006/325487/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Combination-Material-Teams-Up-on-Turf-Diseases/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/325776?ref=25 Research on a new combination material shows promise against two important diseases of creeping bentgrass: dollar spot and brown patch. 2006-05-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/192006/325776/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Patterns-of-Disease-Understanding-the-Nature-of-Do/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/320348?ref=25 Does dollar spot occur in a pattern? How does that pattern (if it occurs) change over a season? What are the management issues raised by the results? The answers to these questions will lead to a better understanding of this important turfgrass pathogen. 2006-04-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/162006/320348/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/CaSi-Doesnt-Strengthen-Creeping-Bent-Tall-Fescue-A/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/320347?ref=25 Research at a nursery putting green at the Kansas City Country Club investigated whether silicon (Si) as a turf nutrient can help prevent brown patch, dollar spot and other diseases on creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. 2006-04-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/162006/320347/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Goosegrass-Shows-No-Tolerance-to-Compaction/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/313392?ref=25 Goosegrass is a serious weed problem in golf and sports bermudagrass turf in warm climates. The author reviews recent research into cultural and chemical management options. 2006-03-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/112006/313392/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Alternative-Tine-Entry-Angles-Make-Subtle-Impact-o/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/313393?ref=25 The authors hypothesize that aerifying with different tine entry angles will impact a greater surface area, thereby enhancing water infiltration rates, reducing localized dry spots and enhancing turfgrass quality. They describe their research to determine the effects of tine diameter and entry angle on a creeping bentgrass putting green surface. 2006-03-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/112006/313393/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Glyphosate-Runoff-on-Fairway-Falls-Below-EPA-Limit/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/309135?ref=25 This USGA-funded study focused on observing the fate of glyphosate following Roundup applications at Colbert Hills Golf Course in Manhattan, KS. 2006-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/082006/309135/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Disease+Control/Protecting-Turfgrass-from-Typhula-Blight/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/309133?ref=25 The authors review the conditions conducive to snow mold caused by Typhula fungi. They describe their experience with various management and treatment options. 2006-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/082006/309133/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Effects-of-Fall-Applied-N-and-K-on-Cold-Hardiness-/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/283500?ref=25 The authors evaluate perennial ryegrass low-temperature hardiness in response to fall-applied N and K during de-hardening in late winter. They also studied the effects on crown hydration, lethal freezing temperature, shoot growth rate, tissue K concentration and low-temperature disease. 2006-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032006/283500/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Environment/Excess-Phosphorus-from-Golf-Courses-Can-Taint-Surf/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/283501?ref=25 The authors studied two golf courses, one in Austin, TX and another in Duluth, MN, to quantify nutrient transport in surface water runoff. 2006-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032006/283501/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/If-Its-Winter-It-Must-Be-Time-to-Put-On-a-Coat-of-/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/267660?ref=25 More and more superintendents are painting their greens during the winter to save money, reatin health. 2005-12-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/522005/267660/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Need+to+Know/Aluminum-Tolerances-of-10-Warm-Season-Turfgrasses/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/267661?ref=25 Soil composition: The researchers studied warm-season turfgrasses to determine the existence of genetic differences in aluminum tolerance. 2005-12-01T05:00:00Z XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Pest+Control/Some-Nematodes-at-Root-of-All-Evil/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/267659?ref=25 Raising mowing height, decreasing shade, increasing aeration and reducing traffic can improve nematode tolerance dramatically. 2005-12-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/522005/267659/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/Penn-State-Marks-10-Years-of-Breeding-Poa-Annua/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/193849?ref=25 A review of results from Penn State's Poa annua breeding program. The author says researchers have learned to appreciate Poa's beauty as turf and its unparalleled ability to adapt to a range of management conditions. 2005-11-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/452005/193849/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Need+to+Know/Varieties-Bred-for-a-Purpose/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/193850?ref=25 The author reviews recent research at the University of Florida in four new turfgrass varieties: UltimateFlora Zoysia, Hammock Centipede, PristineFlora Zoysia and Aloha Seashore Paspalum. 2005-11-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/452005/193850/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Smart-Fertilizer-Provides-P-When-and-Where-Needed/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/193848?ref=25 A new fertilizer technology that employs a phosphorus buffering system (PBS) developed at Penn State University offers several potential benefits for turfgrass cultivation. 2005-11-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/452005/193848/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Effects-of-Core-Aeration-on-USGA-Putting-Greens/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/186053?ref=25 A Canadian study of the effects of core aeration finds that the proper timing of aeration may make a difference to drainage through the rootzone mix. The research also suggested ways to reduce the chance of developing a compaction pan. 2005-10-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/422005/186053/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Innovative-Cultivars-Arrive-Slowly-but-Surely/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/186052?ref=25 A review of recent breeding innovations for improved disease resistance, color and other desireable characteristics. 2005-10-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/422005/186052/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Need+to+Know/SU-Herbicides-Control-Weeds-Poa-in-Advance-of-Over/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/186054?ref=25 A review of the characteristics of several sulfonylurea herbicides that have recently been introduced for selective control of broadleaf weeds and difficult-to-control grasses. 2005-10-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/422005/186054/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Does-Night-Lighting-Harm-Trees/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/180433?ref=25 Excessive night lighting can damage some trees. However, the effects of supplemental lighting on trees are complex. The author explains the sensitivity of woody plants to different kinds of artificial light. 2005-09-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/382005/180433/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Turfgrass+Cultivars/Rootzone-Amendments-in-Sand-Based-Poa-Sod-Evaluate/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/180434?ref=25 The authors report on their research into optimal annual bluegrass sod production techniques conducted at California Polytechnic State University between 2001 and 2004. 2005-09-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/382005/180434/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Industry+Issues/75-Years-of-Green-Grass-at-Penn-State/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/180432?ref=25 The author reviews the many achievements of Penn State's Turfgrass Management Program since its founding in 1928. 2005-09-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/382005/180432/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/382005/180432/main_main.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Growth+Regulators/Cutless-Primo-MAXX-Regulate-Tifway-Bermudagrass-Gr/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/172534?ref=25 Tifway bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x transvalensis Tifway) is a popular turfgrass utilized on golf course fairways and athletic fields. Aggressive summer growth habit, fine leaf texture and dark green color attribute to its popularity. 2005-08-01T04:00:00Z XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Pesticide/Mole-Crickets-Succumb-to-Parasitic-Nematodes/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/172535?ref=25 The Nematac S infects large mole cricket nymphs and adults and releases bacteria into the insect's blood, which kills the mole cricket. 2005-08-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/312005/172535/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Environment/Urging-Geese-to-Go-8212-NOW/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/172533?ref=25 Zero tolerance is the only option for long-term success. 2005-08-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/312005/172533/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Just-a-Grain-of-Salt/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/168748?ref=25 The quality of water applied to recreational turf is as good as it will ever be and over the next decades will get worse. 2005-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/282005/168748/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Bermudagrass/Will-Any-PGRs-be-Safe-for-Ultradwarf-Bermudagrass/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/168747?ref=25 Successful course management is based on turfgrass quality and not total yield. Turf managers fertilize putting greens to promote color and plant health. However, luxuriant growth often disrupts surface uniformity and decreases green speeds. Inhibiting undesirable shoot growth with plant growth regulators (PGRs) provides more consistent putting surfaces and may further enhance turfgrass color and quality. 2005-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/282005/168747/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Fertilizer/A-Precision-Sensing-Fertilizer-Sprayer/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/168746?ref=25 Golf course turf is intensively managed in order to provide acceptable playing conditions. Many golf courses consist of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) tees, fairways and roughs and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) greens. 2005-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/282005/168746/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Need+to+Know/Routine-Nitrogen-Fertility-PGRs-Influence-Ball-Rol/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/168749?ref=25 While everyone seems interested in ball roll on bentgrass greens, ball roll on bermudagrass greens has received no prior research. 2005-07-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/282005/168749/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/Nitrogen-Uptake-and-Leaching-on-Greens/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/166116?ref=25 Superintendents know that management of putting greens is an art. Greens are often made of high-porosity sand that does not retain water or nutrients very effectively. Also, putting green grasses are cut extremely short, which does not allow a deep root system to develop and take up nutrients from deep in the soil profile. Therefore, putting greens require frequent irrigation and fertilizer applications to maintain high turfgrass quality. 2005-06-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/252005/166116/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/To-Air-is-Human-When-it-Comes-to-Anaerobic-Greens/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/166117?ref=25 Management of anaerobic golf greens has always been a dilemma to golf course superintendents. Anaerobic soils limit the amount of free oxygen available in the rootzone, impede root development and restrain nutrient availability for turf growth. 2005-06-01T04:00:00Z XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/Unity-for-the-Sake-of-Uniformity/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/165993?ref=25 A study of 50 New Zealand golf courses tested a method of assessing turf uniformity parameters. The study allowed the New Zealand Sports Turf Institute to develop a technique to measure turfgrass uniformity and a database that helps them advise superintendents. 2005-06-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/252005/165993/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Disease+Control/Dealing-with-Bacterial-Wilt-on-Poa/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/158933?ref=25 Bacterial wilt of annual bluegrass has become a pernicious problem in the Northeast. This report on the pathogen that causes bacterial wilt, Xanthomonas translucens, suggests why control options are so problematic. 2005-05-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/182005/158933/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Grasping-the-Girdler-and-Other-New-Bugs/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/158931?ref=25 UMass entomologist Pat Vittum reports on a recent meeting of turfgrass entomologists where the topic was: what's new with bugs, including: the cranberry girdler (Chrysoteuchia topiaria), Western chinch bug (genus Blissus), European crane fly (Tipula paludosa) and common crane fly (Tipula oleracea), White grubs and others. 2005-05-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/182005/158931/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Need+to+Know/A-Transition-Success-Story-at-Desert-Mountain/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/158932?ref=25 Shawn Emerson, director of agronomy for this Scottsdale area golf course community. found a way to successfully promote a healthy bermudagrass base on fairways, tees and roughs overseeded with perennial ryegrass. 2005-05-01T04:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/182005/158932/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Drought-Tolerance-of-Six-Bermudagrass-Cultivars/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/156340?ref=25 A report on a two-year replicated greenhouse study to determine the drought tolerance of six selected bermudagrass cultivars: SW-1012, Arizona Common, Tift No. 3, Tifsport, Aussie Green and Celebration. 2005-04-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/162005/156340/thumb_thumbnail.jpg http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/162005/156340/main_main.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Forget-Milk-Got-Water/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/156342?ref=25 The health of your turf (and your budget) depends on delivering only the amount of water needed; no more and no less. How much should we water on a given day. Here's a review of evapotranspiration (ET) basics and new sensor technology that can help with this important decision. 2005-04-01T05:00:00Z XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/The-Big-Dig/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/156337?ref=25 This research project explored the feasibility of using nanotechnology-based Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors for soil moisture monitoring. 2005-04-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/162005/156337/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Need+to+Know/Mixing-It-Up/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/156188?ref=25 New sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides for use in turfgrass systems are not a panacea. There are some definite "dos" and "don't dos" when you consider tank mixing SU herbicides with other types of herbicides. 2005-04-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/162005/156188/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Putting+Greens/From-something-old-something-new/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/148993?ref=25 Recovery of a treated L93 fairway was four to five times more rapid than ordinary sand. 2005-03-01T05:00:00Z XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Fertilizer/Sulfonylureas-target-ELS-enzyme-to-control-grasses/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/149284?ref=25 The herbicidal properties of sulfonylureas (SU's) were first reported in 1966 (Koog, 1966). The early SU's were derivatives of triazine herbicides. George Levitt of DuPont noted that SU's having aniline as the aryl group exhibited weak plant-growth regulatory activity while the aminopyrimidine derivative displayed very high biological activity (Levitt, 1983; Sauers and Levitt, 1984). 2005-03-01T05:00:00Z XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Stunt-the-leaf-save-the-nutrients/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/148992?ref=25 Bermudagrass putting greens have the highest nitrogen fertilization requirements of all grasses in the 
 turf industry. 2005-03-01T05:00:00Z XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/In-search-of-transition-dates/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/148991?ref=25 As early as April 21 transition of Axcella, Panterra and possibly Winterlinks had begun. 2005-03-01T05:00:00Z XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Fertilizer/Is-it-going-to-be-a-white-bedding/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/145258?ref=25 The L-glutamine had been exuded in guttation fluid and prevailing low relative humidity allowed the L-glutamine to accumulate on leaf blades and tips as white deposits. 2005-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/062005/145258/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Resistant-Cultivars-are-bermudas-best-battle-vs-sp/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/145153?ref=25 The management of SDS involves the use of resistant cultivars, coupled with practices that expedite bermuda growth into damaged areas. 2005-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/062005/145153/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Grounds+Maintenance/A-Paclobutrazol-treatment-can-leave-tree-more-stre/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/145240?ref=25 Fine root densities were 60 percent to 80 percent higher near the trunk base. 2005-02-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/062005/145240/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Weed-Free--big-wish-for-little-ponds/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/142139?ref=25 Before you accept any plants, examine them closely for unwanted "hitchhikers," such as duckweed, watermeal, and other species that might infest and quickly overtake your pond. 2005-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032005/142139/thumb_thumbnail.gif XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Cruisin-for-a-Bruisin/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/142141?ref=25 Many superintendents have given up altogether and are just plugging out bruises, sometimes even going to the trouble of replacing the small plugs 
 with new grass ? a tedious chore indeed. 2005-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032005/142141/thumb_thumbnail.gif XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Featured+Research/Bentgrass-cultivars-face-dose-of-putting-green-rea/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/142140?ref=25 Selecting the best cultivar relates to the level of commitment and resources available at each site. 2005-01-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/032005/142140/thumb_thumbnail.gif XML http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/Cover+Story/Perennial-Ryegrasses-Fare-Well-in-Overseeding-of-B/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/136206?ref=25 This research project evaluated perennial ryegrass cultivars, blends and mixtures for their use in overseeding bermudagrass fairways. Ten golf courses were chosen to host the On-site Overseeding Trials. The project was jointly sponsored by GCSAA, USGA and NTEP. 2004-12-01T05:00:00Z http://www.turfgrasstrends.com/turfgrasstrends/data/articlestandard/turfgrasstrends/492004/136206/thumb_thumbnail.jpg XML